Framework Outlines Ways to Triple Nuclear Energy by 2035

The White House recently set targets to triple U.S. nuclear energy output, aiming to add 35 gigawatts of new capacity by 2035. This initiative, announced by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), emphasizes nuclear energy as critical to achieving a carbon-free electricity sector by 2035.

The administration also introduced a framework to ensure these expansions are safe, economically viable, and promote sustainable growth and development within the energy sector broadly. As the single largest source of emissions-free power in the U.S., nuclear energy is central to decarbonizing the national grid and meeting rising energy demands.

This strategy includes restarting dormant nuclear reactors, constructing new large-scale facilities, significant infrastructure expansion, and deploying advanced technologies like small modular reactors (SMRs) and microreactors. These efforts aim to address growing electricity demands, while also supporting specialized sectors like advanced manufacturing.

The proposal enjoys bipartisan support but comes with a few major challenges, including high costs, regulatory hurdles, and the necessity to modernize an aging grid. 

“Achieving economy-wide, net-zero GHG emissions in the United States by 2050 requires the installation of approximately 1,500 to 2,000 gigawatts (GW) of carbon-free power generation. Of this, according to U.S. government and external modeling, about 30-50 percent will need to be clean, firm electric generating capacity,” the framework report notes. Firm electric generation capacity comes from sources that are available to dispatch around the clock.

Despite its promise, expanding nuclear energy faces significant challenges. Sources highlight the need for substantial investments and subsidies to address the aging infrastructure of the U.S. national grid, which will struggle to handle increased capacity without upgrades. Furthermore, public concerns about nuclear safety and waste management remain critical barriers to broader adoption.

Advanced nuclear technologies, particularly small modular reactors (SMRs), offer potential solutions. These reactors are designed to be safer, more scalable, and cost-effective. However, regulatory complexities and financing challenges could slow their deployment. Current skilled labor shortages and supply chain resilience further complicate the expansion.

Public perception also plays a key role. Concerns over nuclear waste disposal and potential accidents affect public trust. Another unknown is the incoming administration’s level of support for nuclear energy. Addressing these concerns through transparent communication and equitable implementation will be essential for success.